5. Waltharius offers a good share of the gold as a peace offering. In this particular version, the translator has attempted to keep the stanzas the same length. Here wealth is transitory, here friend is transitory. Written in Old English, Parchment I had about 32 lines, while Parchment II had 31 lines. For example, the phrase Pool-of-concrete means the city. So I, miserably sad, separated from homeland. The poem is about the conflict that is about to take place between the two parties. But, just as he starts to feel a bit of his sorrow lift, hes reminded of all hes lost. After the fighting ceases, they all talk happily among each other and after their wounds are tended to, Guntharius and Hagano stay in Worm, while Waltharius goes back to Aquitania where he becomes king.[2]. Waldere is about a hero named Walter of Aquitaine. He knows who experiences it. There is something of a contrast between fate and the Creator that he also spent time talking about. He who has come to know Submit your article piece today and get published on A Good Library. 770), Lost advertising and interstitial material. All 3 are very injured at this point. Easy Explanation with Examples! The poem is admittedly difficult to decipher for several reasons. If a line is cut off before the natural conclusion of the sentence or phrase, it is likely enjambedfor example, the transition between lines three and four, as well as lines seven and eight. So said the wanderer, mindful of hardships, of cruel deadly combats, the fall of dear kinsmen , Bewail my sorrow; there is now none living. Dont forget to check out: What happened before & during the Old English Period? The wanderer however was a weak man and hence, he could neither control fate nor could he not harbour bitter feelings for his loss.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'englishsummary_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_1',654,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-englishsummary_com-medrectangle-3-0'); Yet, he tries to swallow his grief and goes far away in search of a new dispenser of treasure, that is, a new Lord and his clan, someone who would be a friend in his lonely existence. Ashridge Business School Ranking, When Eliezer arrives at the camp, it seems. Email today and a Haz representative will be in touch shortly. For this story, fortunately, information is available from a number of continental sources. Waltharius is challenging Guntharius to remove the armor that Waltharius is wearing. Nalles ic , wine mn, wordum cde. The speaker is hoping for _2_. He once woke to happiness and contentment, but now hes a wretched solitary man. Hed like to return to the life he had and dreams of what it would be like. The poem given here is a translated version of Jeffrey Hopkins. It is the subject of a Latin epic poem (Waltharius) by Ekkehard of St. Gall, dating from the first half of the tenth century; of a Bavarian poem dating from the first half of the thirteenth century, of . Report at a scam and speak to a recovery consultant for free. Exeter Book essays are academic essays for citation. Imagine thousands of years later if somebody finds 2 pages of your random scribbling notepad and they decide to frame it in a museum (maybe trying to figure out more about you!) At first glance this may appear perplexing, since a king, whether in the Heroic Age or in Anglo-Saxon England, was perforce a warrior. The structure is somewhat ambiguous, the poem may represent a monologue containing two reported speeches or, alternatively, speeches by different characters. A website that has the entire poem in Modern English. What remains of the poem comes in two parts, written on two separate single leaves, usually called fragment I and fragment II, and generally dated about 1000. In the other there is praise of a sword, followed by Waldere's praise of his own armour and his defiance of Guthhere. King Gibicho the Frankish king dies which ends the Frankish-Hun alliance. But he eventually escaped to his home when he heard that King Gibicho is dead. The troubled mind doesnt offer help. So, he adds, he had to bind his thoughts with fetters, or chains, since he was far from his homeland. Waltharius defeats both of them. The slaughter of lord, kin, village, and keep. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The transience of life is a recurring theme in the poem that has affiliations to Christianity, but it is actually rooted in earlier poetic traditions. It is through you visiting Poem Analysis that we are able to contribute to charity. The wanderer describes his companions as swim[ming] away again. This is a creative and thoughtful way of bringing in the seascape around the wanderer and merging it with his thoughts. He appears as Nur in the Old Norse Vlundarkvia, as Niung in the irekssaga, and as Nihad in the Anglo-Saxon poems Deor and Waldere.. Salmon explains that the Icelandic writers believed that "the soul was a separate entity enclosed by a wall of flesh" and that it could take on an animal shape. ", Wissolik, Richard David. First of all, Beowulf , the. Whether youre a Literature student or an enthusiast, Waldere is not just important for your studies but its a fascinating tale as well! That dishonor (getting scolded) is not yours. The parchment pages had been reused as stiffening in the binding of an Eliz 178-188.. 178 CHAPTER V THE SINGER AND HIS LAY. The surviving text is tantalisingly brief and allusive, but comparison with other references in Old English poetry, notably Beowulf, suggests that it deals with a conflict One final item that I thought was interesting In 1972-73 Zettersten was working on a fragment of the Old English Poem Waldere and Zettersten states that Tolkien was interested in Zettersten's aim to be the first person to use ultraviolet light on the manuscript to decipher the illegible parts of the manuscript. The poem is about the conflict that is about to take place between the two parties. Waldere, of which two brief fragments remain, seems also to have been an epic poem; like Beowulf, it has been adapted both in matter and in manner to the point of view of a monastery scriptorium. Documenting my study notes in this cute little study library here! This was a very popular story in the Middle Ages. Now, theyre aimlessly seeking out a new lord while mourning the old and all the warm memories along with that time. Now fetch, if thou darest, from so battle-worn 18 man this breastplate gray ! Four dialects of the Old English language are known: Northumbrian in northern England and southeastern Scotland; Mercian in central England; Kentish in . This is how God, the Creator, has laid waste to the region. In Waldere there has been lost a poem much longer and fuller than the Lay of Hildebrand, or any of the poems of the "Elder Edda"a poem more like Beowulf than any of those now extant. Additionally, there is a hidden layer of metaphor alluding to the relationship between Pagan and Christian themes. Instead, the Wanderer is now suffering at sea and dreaming of happier times. Ill never scold your, friend. later poem, The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English, and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English. the mercy of the Measurer, although he, troubled in spirit, travel the paths of exile Fate is inexorable.. It was given to you as a gift. This is a theme common to Old English poetry, as is solitude. beowulf,finnsburg,waldere, deor,widsith,andthe germanhildebrand translatedintheoriginalmetres withintroductionsandnotes by francisb.gummere j?fcda_4. Waldhere. The wine-halls go to ruin, the rulers lie, deprived of joy, the host has all perished, carried on the way forth; one a bird carried off, over the high sea; one the gray wolf shared. The Wanderer goes on to recall the hardships he has faced in his life, like watching his kinsmen be ruined and even slaughtered. the seabirds bathing, spreading their wings. 3 For most readers today the epic quality of Beowulf is not in doubt. A lonely warrior now, he is deeply anguished, reminiscing over the happy times he had with his gift-giver. Hagano tries hard to avoid the bloodshed. The legend of Kind Nithad and Wallend dates back to 7th and 8th-century literature (carved narratives on stones & caskets). Summary & Analysis Economy Where I Lived, and What I Lived For Sounds and Solitude Visitors The Bean-Field The Village and The Ponds Baker Farm and Higher Laws The following lines bring in an idea that the speaker mentioned previously, that someone who experiences sorrow and loss as the wanderer has knows things that others dont. So, one day, he put together a nice feast for King Attila and the members of the court. 'Waldere' is believed to be a part of an unknown Epic. brighton suites rehoboth beach, de The fullest early version, the Latin poem Waltharius, written perhaps in ninth-century Germany, tells how Attila the Hun (tla in Old English), on his rise to dominate much of Europe, takes three young hostages: Hagen (Hagena) from the Franks, Hildegund (Hildeg) from the Burgundians, and Walter (Waldere) from Aquitaine. Walden, in full Walden; or, Life in the Woods, series of 18 essays by Henry David Thoreau, published in 1854. The poem's meditations on the way words can become . He describes his solitary journey through a wintry world as a stark contrast to the warmth and comfort of his lord's hall. Gibicho sends his noble follower Hagano. It is the VUS`L]PKLUJL[OH[[OL(UNSV :H_VUZRUL^VM [OLSLNLUKVM>HS[ O LYVM(X\P[HUL The fragments record a version of the legend of Walther (Waldere) and Hildegund (Hildegy), Then leaders, who rule will give wealth and rewards to that hero. Please enable JavaScript to pass antispam protection!Here are the instructions how to enable JavaScript in your web browser http://www.enable-javascript.com.Antispam by CleanTalk. Lamenting or Complaining? The interesting thing about this Prayer Book . if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'englishsummary_com-box-4','ezslot_6',656,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-englishsummary_com-box-4-0'); However, being the true warrior that he was, he does not let his grief completely consume him. He further states how his only companion had been sorrow, how he was in an exile where happiness ceased to exist once the gold-giving prince, his chieftain, had died. b)Waldere is composed of two fragments totalling around sixty-three lines that recount some of Walter of Aquitaines deeds. , an annotated summary of the Tale with notes. But, Waltharius and Hiltgunt make it to Aquitaine somehow. However, when he comes back to reality from that pleasant memory, grief strikes him once again even as he desperately tries to hold on to the old thoughts. Waldere or Waldhere is the conventional title given to two Old English fragments from a lost epic poem, discovered in 1860 by E. C. Werlauff, Librarian, in the Danish Royal Library at Copenhagen, where it is still preserved. The name Waldere comes from the whispered fragments of a lost old English poem, reflecting the Matthew's sense of connection to the nature and history of his homeland. Kenning is a literary device that is one of the strongest characteristics of Old English Literature. Caesural pauses were an important part of Anglo-Saxon poetry. For two years and two months Thoreau lived alone in the woods by Walden Pond, in Concord, Massachusetts, where he wrote the bulk of the book, though now he has left the woods and returned to civilization. Often, the lines were stopped midway through and picked up later on. Summary: The poem begins with the Wanderer asking the Lord for understanding and compassion during his exile at sea. The stories of both fragments of Waldere refer to the point before the final attack from Guntharius and Hagano on Waltharius. Waldere, The Fortunes of Men, Maxims I, The Order of the World, The Rhyming Poem, The Panther, The Whale, The Partridge, Soul and Body, Deor, Wulf and Eadwacer, Riddles, The Wife's Lament, Judgement Day, Resignation, The Descent into Hell, Alms-Giving, Pharoah, The Husband's Message, The Ruin, The Battle _4_ What is his primary misery? The poem comes to its conclusion as the speaker reflects on what his increased sight teaches him. Summary Read our full plot summary and analysis of Walden, scene by scene break-downs, and more. Most scholars of Anglo-Saxon heroic story think of that literature as embodying conventional virtures (generosity, bravery, boasting), obligations (to kin and lord) and conflicts of loyalty. Upper West Side Philosophers (SPD, dist. The name Waldere comes from the whispered fragments of a lost old English poem, reflecting the Matthew's sense of connection to the nature and history of his homeland. Lengthening of short vowels in Middle English (11001500). In Beowulf there is one reference after another to the sea. Waldere spake, warrior famous held in his hand the help-in-battle, 16 170 weapon of war; his words he uttered: Lo, great was thy faith, Burgundians-friend, 17 15 that Hagens hand would hold me to warfare, unfit me for fighting ! The poem was discovered in 1860 in the Danish Royal Library in Copenhagen, and dates to the tenth or eleventh century. Bradley provides an introduction (12 pp.) If anyone, who leads a virtuous life, keeps faith in Holy God and prays him for support, he will receive it. But all pleasure has failed. : Female Authority in The Wifes Lament, Duality in Wyrd: Tracing Paradox in The Wanderer, The Wifes Lament: Reconciliation Between One Man and One Woman. waldere poem summary. bauer orbital sander dust collector removal, can you shoot someone stealing your car in florida, Martha's Vineyard Summer Jobs With Housing 2021, Australian Female Painters Of The 20th Century, church of pentecost women's ministry cloth, how long ago was november 13 2020 in months, why do ionic compounds have different conductivity, florida title and guarantee agency mount dora, fl, how to keep cougars away from your property. The Project Gutenberg eBook, Old English Poems, by Various, Translated by Cosette Faust Newton and Stith Thompson. The Wanderer hypothesizes that the Creator of Men, who created human civilization and conflict, is also wise. Waldere spake, warrior famous held in his hand the help-in-battle, 16 170 weapon of war; his words he uttered: Lo, great was thy faith, Burgundians-friend, 17 15 that Hagens hand would hold me to warfare, unfit me for fighting ! But, lets make the best of it. Alas the mailed warrior! The poem "Widsith," the wide goer or wanderer, is in part, at least, probably the oldest in our language. this whole foundation of the earth becomes empty. There, Exeter teenager Norman Muscarello was hitchhiking Why was it so bad to be a wanderer in Anglo-Saxon times? Beowulf und die kleineren Denkmler der altenglischen Heldensage Waldere und Finnsburg, herausgegeben von Gerhard Nickel, Heidelberg, Winter (Germanische Bibliothek. Jonathan Himes. Walden begins with the narrator informing his audience that this book was written in answer to questions posed about his two-year stay at Walden Pond. Night Summary and Analysis of Chapter 4. They are still there. Gordon points out, is usually more admonitory in tone. Alphere sends his son Waltharius. In his article on "The Wanderer", John L. Selzer examines the elegy through the lens of the meditative tradition stemming from the work of St. Augustine, which the Anglo-Saxon audience would have been very familiar with. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Greenleafable. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. the one that led to the popularity of romances in the medieval period was : the similarity of romances to anglo-saxon epic poetry The anglo-saxon epic poetry was written in an old-english language which rose to fame after the Norman conquest of 1066. The Waldere Fragments, sometimes referred to as Waldere, are two fragments of an old English poem that revolves around the legendary king Walter of Aquitaine as he is held prisoner by Attila the Hun. King Attila has invaded Gaul. It might also be connected to age, or years/winters, that have passed. When some of these became known in the Middle Ages the tradition was already very old and in a state of transition from a purely oral to a fully written poetry. A marriage is arranged between a Hunnish princess and Walter. vanished under nights helm, as if it never were! Other works of literature that mention King Walter of Aquitaine include: All of these versions have their own twist on Waldere and none are the same. Hiltgunt is also in the town but refuses to fight Walter as they had made an oath together. 9. Better, are you a literature junkie? Enjambment is another important formal device, one thats concerned with the way that lines transition. Hes still on the sea with the dusky waves in front of him. The Wanderer is a 10th century Old English poem. In the other there is praise of a sword, followed by Waldere's praise of his own armour [2] and his defiance of Guthhere. A really good book to study Waldere and other Old-English Poems, The Old English Epic of Waldere by Jonathan Himes, The oldest English epic: Beowulf, Finnsburg, Waldere, Deor, Widsith, and the German Hildebrand; translated in the original metres, with introductions and notes by Francis B. Gummere. Yet another (a bit simpler) translation of Waldere. The popular ones include : beowulf , widsith , waldere, and judith. This conclusion is represents the result of The Wanderer's meditation. Now he will turn from this battle ringless (wont win anything). So, here is a short summary of Waltharius (Only the part that is important here). Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. His kind lord died of old age and as a result, the Wanderer has been exiled from his country. A wise man must be patient, nor must he ever be too hot tempered, nor too hasty of speech. He ponders the impermanence of things while describing ruins and the destruction of other manmade artifacts. Best to swallow grief, to blot out memories. 11. But, it was not so easy. Give us a shout. Eliezer explains that children are traded among homosexuals at the camp. The anonymous poet of The Wanderer makes use of several interesting literary devices that are still discernible despite the vast differences between Old English and modern English. In the story of Walter, this fight results in harm to everyone that has participated. The Wanderer is an elegiac piece of poetry preserved in the extant Exeter manuscript which is purports the lament of a solitary man who had once been happy under the protection of his loved lord but after his lords death is I took the time to learn the language, and have recently translated soem poems into modern English, notably The Wanderer (which I have re-titled Thus Spoke the Earth-Strider), Deor, Waldere, and Wulf and Eadwacer. These are available on my web site. Scholars place Old English in the Anglo-Frisian group of West Germanic languages. https://lostmediawiki.com/index.php?title=The_Waldere_Fragments_(partially_found_fragment_of_Old_English_poem;_ca._770)&oldid=94129. Since Weland has magical capabilities. You Attilas Chief general dont lose your courage on this day. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. You can also connect with me on my Studygram . Even when he sleeps, this lord-less man dreams of happier days when he could lay his hands and head upon his lord's knees. his weary spirit over the binding of the waves, Therefore I cannot think why throughout the world, brave young retainers. Walden is a memoir by Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1854. Crossley-Holland also focuses on the literary importance within each of the heroic poems. The parchment pages had been reused as stiffeni Summary. Political Context. The Wifes Lamentis told from a sorrowful womans perspective as she mourns the loss of her lord and her place in the world. The poem given here is a translated version of Jeffrey Hopkins. Like other Anglo-Saxon works, it is likely that Waldere was originally told orally and was written down much later. There were references to this story of Waltharius & Hildeguth in many more vernacular works across the Germanic Europe. nor too weak in battles, nor too heedless, nor too fearful, nor too cheerful, nor too greedy for wealth. The study of Old-English Literature or Medieval Literature cannot be complete without at least hearing something about Waldere (or, as some call it Waldhere). (And, the plot is not simple, straightforward like this) But, you get the point. Is the speaker traveling by land or sea? the god Odin, well-known for disguising himself as an old solitary wanderer) Influence of the poem on later authors, most notably J.R.R. Alas the glory of the prince! Though the character king Walter of Aquitaine is mostly mentioned. The term "anhaga" (lines 1 and 37) appears elsewhere in Old English literature to refer to those who are separated from society: "Ne mg s anhoga, leodwynna leas, leng drohtian, wineleas wrcca, is him wra meotud, gnorna on his geogue, ond him lce mle men fullesta, yca his yrmu, ond he t eal ola, sarcwide secga, ond him bi a sefa geomor, mod morgenseoc." marks, or clear indications of where one speech begins and ends in this poem; we are not sure whether lines 1-5 are spoken by the same character that speaks the following lines, or whether they are the narrator's opinion on the general situation of the Wanderer. In the next passage, the speaker contrasts the life he used to live with what hes experiencing now. But, he couldnt. until, stout-hearted, he knows for certain. 10. 7. Difficult terms are glossed, and historical and literary context is provided where appropriate and necessary. when the memory of kinsmen passes through his mind; he greets with signs of joy, eagerly surveys. "Waldere." H Id), geXlfeff. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Overview. The "Fight at Finnsburgh" is a fragment of fifty lines, discovered on the inside of a piece of parchment drawn over the wooden covers of a book of homilies. King Nithad appears in that poem too! 4. to the cultural context of Old English poetry. So, he takes Hagano and 11 warriors with him and they attack the couple who was hiding in a cave. One by one, Waltharius, our hero, defeats them all. These include the deaths of dear kinsmen. The eighth line of the poem brings in the first lines of the speech, included in quotation marks. poem Waldere are 60 lines, preserved in two fragments. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. He refused the Gold & shiny rings. In the other there is praise of a sword, followed by Waldere's praise of his own armour[2] and his defiance of Guthhere. Poem Analysis, https://poemanalysis.com/old-english/the-wanderer/. At the end of the poem, the speaker focuses on what he sees as the only true solution for sorrowGod. Waldere or Waldhere is the conventional title given to two Old English fragments from a lost epic poem, discovered in 1860 by E. C. Werlauff, Librarian, in the Danish Royal Library at Copenhagen, where it is still preserved.The parchment pages had been reused as stiffening in the binding of an Elizabethan prayer book.The Dissolution of the Monasteries had brought quantities of unregarded . It tells the story of the hero Beowulf who slays the monster Grendel and its mother. The first major translation of Waldere was by Frederick Norman in 1933 and the second by Arne Zettersten in 1979. Winter brings violent snowstorms and longer nightfall, leaving men frightened and helpless. It delivered its fury on men, taking the life of those beloved to him. The Seafareris another piece that focuses on loneliness and solitude. "The Germanic Epic and Old English Heroic Poetry: Widsith, Waldere, and the Fight At Finnsburg. He states how a man who is courageous locks his sorrow in his heart and does not allow sorrowful thoughts enter his mind. This certainly holds true between the different translations. to whom I dare tell clearly my inmost thoughts. He who deeply contemplates this wall-stead. gan mid eldum, lfheres sunu. However, the poem as we have it consists of two short Summary of the Subject. Ive tried to compile everything I could about Waldere here in as simple words as possible. It depicts the impression of the poet on seeing the daffodils while he walks in the countryside of England's Lake District. The path of exile awaits him, not twisted gold, he remembers retainers and the receiving of treasure. Anglo-Saxon poetry is esteemed for its subtle artistry and for its wealth of insights into the artistic, social and spiritual preoccupations of the formative first centuries of . This essay seeks to compare their attitude toward the sea with that expressed in another Old English poem, The Seafarer. a wall wondrously high, decorated with the likenesses of serpents. While this might give the writer a sense of power and control, words can also quickly take on a life of their ownand ultimately become freer than the person who wrote them. The first portion is a speech given by Hildegyth trying to motivate Waldere for his upcoming fight. His description of how he looked for another lord is also in the past tense, signifying that he is no longer looking for one. The Wanderer is a long Old English poem in which the speaker details the life and struggles of a wanderer. (8) Throughout this book we have remembered Roger As-chams suggestion, made over three centuries ago and still pertinent, that tis a poor way to make a child love study by beginning with the things which he naturally dislikes.We have laid emphasis upon the delights Anglo-Saxon poetry is esteemed for its subtle artistry and for its wealth of insights into the artistic, social and spiritual preoccupations of the formative first centuries of English literature. The seafarer describes the desolate hardships of life on the wintry sea. It had to be retrieved using UV light techniques. Summary of The Wanderer The Wanderer is an elegiac piece of poetry preserved in the extant Exeter manuscript which is purports the lament of a solitary man who had once been happy under the protection of his loved lord but after his lords death is confronted with bitter frozen waves and winter cold. Prince Waltharius and Princess Hitgunt are engaged. Remember Attila? Waltharius helps us understand Waldere. What happened before & during the Old English Period? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. In the next lines, the speaker describes how he sought out a giver of treasure, or a new lord, everywhere he went. He appears as Nur in the Old Norse Vlundarkvia, as Niung in the irekssaga, and as Nihad in the Anglo-Saxon poems Deor and Waldere.. Another character who is related to violence, and thus should belong to this group, is Hildegyth in Waldere . It is the story of Waldere (Walter) and Hildegyth who fall in love and steal treasure from the court of Attila, where they were held hostage. So the Creator of men laid waste this region, until the ancient world of giants, lacking the noises. In the first stanza, the persona talks about how the lonely, referring to the wanderer, was solitarily alone, receiving limited love and Gods grace. ), $19 trade paper (218p) ISBN 978-1-935830-30-6 The Wanderer is an early English poem focused on a man lone-dweller, who had recently lost his lord and consequently experiences deep feelings of nostalgia and depression. Waldere is the solo project of Colchester UK based musician Matthew Brown. The Old English poem Waldere. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The speaker tells the reader that nowadays since hes completely alone, there is no one to whom he can tell clearly [his] inmost thoughts. His relatives are dead, and one of the consequences of this is that hes entirely alone. THE ANGLO-SAXON OR OLD-ENGLISH PERIOD. 8 ratings3 reviews. The first speaker in the poem introduces us to a "lone-dweller," whom he says is hoping for God's mercy and favor despite being condemned to travel alone over an ice-cold sea. Each of these stanzas is again made up of 4 lines. Everything is subject to fate. (The hostage stuff sounds terrible. Like other Anglo-Saxon works of literature, Waldere is referenced and even present in other works of Medieval literature. Aristotle made a summary of the Homeric poem, because he wished to show how simple its construction really was, apart from the episodes. Hence we can assume that the speaker of the poem is the poet himself. We saw that since these two manuscripts were sturdy, the bookbinders used them to stiffen the binding of an Elizabethan Prayer book. In one fragment someone encourages Waldere to go on fighting. "The Wanderer (Old English Poem)". The poem is about the conflict that is about to take place between the two parties. 'Waldere' or 'Waldhere' is the conventional title given to two Old English fragments from a lost epic poem, discovered in 1860 by E. C. Werlauff, Librarian, in the Danish Royal Library at Copenhagen, where it is still preserved.