Granted citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been recalled from the South. In Grants opposition to the Tenure of Office Act (passed during Johnsons term in 1867), which required Senate approval of all presidential appointments and dismissals, many believed that Grant evinced the kind of political fortitude necessary to set things aright. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. In this This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. When the groups have completed their worksheets and concluded their discussion, the teacher, as Committee chairman, should lead the groups in brief presentations to the class (the Congressional Committee) highlighting their findings. Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? No. It was drafted according to the Ten-Percent Plan It gave blacks the right to vote @{/rd;G[F|!-DStuux2g>w2q}g=,~1tMEDuMz@hN Who did the states and congress give free land to? In parallel, the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War argued that the Confederacy had been justified in its effort to secede from the Union and that Reconstruction had been a mistake. Chapter 4.4: Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# To assist Confederate prisoners in returning home safely. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. He antagonized the northern voters. President Johnson vetoed the Act, but Congress overrode his veto to pass it. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. Both African Americans and whites were part of the carpetbagger migration. There were those who used their positions for exploitation. Were there any black governors in the South during Reconstruction? Finally, each state legislature had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. Compare Allende's description of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the narrator and Petrus in "Six Feet of the Country". Describe the agriculture system of the New South. These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. Johnson pushed for laws limiting the Executive Branchs power to help ensure the policies included in the Radical Reconstruction plan would endure after he left office. The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. Johnson, a Democrat, had little control over Reconstruction policy due to the Republican control of Congress. If loading fails, click here to try again. Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. To the north, it looked like slavery in a new form. Write a short essay on how social contexts surrounding a person can contribute to his or her upbringing, beliefs and overall quality of life. [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ Chapter 16 Review Quiz | American History Quiz - Quizizz The impact of scandal on the national political debate was real. Congressmen? 2. HUn0+(cj , @X! Did Congress do anything about white violence? first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. Literacy tests were put into place requiring citizens to read difficult passages from legal documents in order to be able to vote. y@bi(^k^izu#(fN@)Z4x[wN)Gd\JvWma:M;:*BL5;Sh`2lM^YQ2k(!W7.W)J0>krA"eXk+n R/B.zuu7' ]apJ|_wv^k| +^|B`:H$wlEnT*8@0vX{[rm6FoN,iE?FF/mh@u'Q{$]pJn07a8Y9U-A/, S7GYjkQUKC2"qxLa=23P21 |0Cm)r PS)et%.H e' _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream African American males would not have the right to vote until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. The Aftermath of Reconstruction If the teachers students have little experience evaluating primary source documents, there are several websites that include activities to help students develop these skills. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina (on the occasion of riots in Hamburg, S.C.), August 1, 1876, Group C: Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, January 30, 1872, Group D: Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, June 8, 1876. It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. How did whites regain political control in the south? The First Reconstruction Act (March 1867) invalidated the state governments established under Johnson's policies (except the government of Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment) and divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF Question 4 While it could be used in a derogatory way, it did notin every casesuggest racist attitudes or carry the stigma that it does today. Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. However, Congress refused to seat the newly elected senators and representatives from the South. What was the purpose of the military Reconstruction Act quizlet? The Military Reconstruction Act stated that remaining Confederate states that had not been reconstructed would be divided into five military districts and put under martial law. State governments set up under Johnsons Reconstruction plan were deemed illegal and new governments were to be formed. Southern voters also elected to Congress highranking Confederate officials and officers, some of whom had not received one of the thirteen thousand pardons Johnson issued during the summer of 1865. dkRlbH/Wo/3+Po32dDJAw'sN72G>0,a-X{..\&j;Z0P{~S W]O"Kwrzb\G 7O XctWhpk that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. Expert Help. The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. How would you evaluate corruption in the Reconstruction legislatures? the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law. They came from a wide variety of backgrounds ranging from highly-educated professionals to former Civil War soldiers. A monumental tomb in New York City was constructed in his honor as a result of what was the largest public fundraising campaign in history up to that time. Many went to work in the mills. Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. endstream endobj 118 0 obj <>stream Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. Group A: Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis from Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, 1937, Group B: Excerpt from Rev. What problems were faced by the freed slaves? In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. Many Native American tribes were stripped of their lands, moved onto reservations, forced into an assimilation program not of their choosing, and in some cases massacred by settlers and/or the U.S. Army. The government would pay farmers to grow specific crops that were particularly in demand. Andrew Johnson. What was the purpose of the Black Codes which were enacted in Southern states in 1865 and 1866? The process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War. It was known as the 10% Plan. Reconstruction aimed to bring the southern states back into the Union, reestablish southern loyalty to the United States Constitution, integrate freed slaves into society, and repair the southern economy that no longer had the advantage of slave labor. The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. Gave blacks curfews and did not allow them to carry guns. Chapter 16 hWO0Gx`*Bi1 `ZS"%;;NS5J;|@@hHx4&"A $ #p H}AxChDGOB(9S,vcs:JI]V]WywIO{{AS !^}8;]:yNc0v*4Xqa`p k5 z2 9&+cr'~ IOV~=GHB:'*kXa=9r^baYz/1ag7F:,Ww AF;{zVV5S-l/"NZ|'Ol,U#dmCUGe^eE?Ze\mLFMeSZ`E#`jcj~Qm|V$vN81t~~b2[_\$#'b*$]t# For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. In actuality carpetbaggers were people who came down from the North to help freedmen and poor whites through the Freedmen's Bureau. endstream endobj 116 0 obj <>stream blacks could vote and hold office. Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled. He placed North Carolina and eventually other states under appointed provisional governors chosen mostly from among prominent southern politicians who had opposed the secession movement and had rendered no conspicuous service to the Confederacy. 20F_B[G S`F>6~hf( Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1866? The amendments created to protect black freedoms seemed like a huge step in the right Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the war in the Pacific? Equality at the ballot box would be a work in progress for decades to come. Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. Take sample from your personal experience. This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. Once you are finished, click the button below. Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? WebIdentify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. `a{/uXZO`qf\ v-Nf. But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. The speeches backfired. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. In 1865 President Andrew Johnson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South. Radical plan wanted to punish the south, while Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the union as quickly as possible. Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. Farmers would collude to drive up prices of certain crops. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional (Radical Republican), and then Military control (Military Reconstruction Act - South broken down into 5 military districts), Communication des organisations - section 3, Lincoln's vs. Johnson's Plans for Reconstruct, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Civil War, Reconstruction and Old West Review. Civil War & Reconstruction Part 2 Quiz - Quizizz What happened to black Where did most black Americans live in 1900? Hayes would be president with the understanding that he would deal 'justly' with the south (leave them alone and allow them to restore white supremacy. Women's groups withdrew support to work on woman's suffrage. In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. Evaluating Reconstruction .docx - Course Hero Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act. *SY(u% 9 But how much really changed? Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? (Ge,YAjB%f~&L uG0Bqw4$VFF[RN ;J_:;`' The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. Ulysses S. Grant was confronted with these momentous questions upon his election to the presidency in 1868. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875? wF.*is5oGYqUTsaqrY)$y, "beVv1=;"urk{k"56#UEli[EB9}qJ=YY@jOU{[89K,2M`` Its members where southern whites that did not agree with the ideas of Reconstruction. Then, for each characteristic of, Reconstruction listed on the chart, check off whether your character would feel positive. All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. Students will be organized into five small groups, each of which will be assigned a document and a set of worksheet questions. To conclude, the Reconstruction was almost a complete failure. Johnson denounced the Fourteenth Amendment and urged the southern states not to ratify it. wealthy plantation owners and Confederate officials. They gave land to the railroads. This meant that the huge majorities Republicans then enjoyed were, so to speak, operating on borrowed time. In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. Congressional Reconstruction. Once each convention's elections were held for governor, state legislators, and members of Congress, the states would be readmitted to the Union. was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan? And Black Americans continued to face acts of organized intimidation, mob violence, and murder because of their race. ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. Much of the legislation enacted in the name of racial equality was to be undone in the coming years by rulings coming from the Supreme Court (Plessy v. Ferguson, The Civil Rights Cases, etc.) It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. They were more familiar with the places where most battles occured. Grant also supported a series of legislative acts in 1871 to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to stop acts of racial terrorism committed by the Ku Klux Klan, and in 1875 he signed a Civil Rights law that outlawed racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations, and barred black exclusion from jury service. This show of weakness seemed to set the tone for Grants administration (1869-77) which, though it seemed to offer some promise to restore order and sanity to the South, actually accomplished very little in this realm. 5. Provided food, clothes, transportation, etc. Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. As resistance and violence continued to spread in the South, Republican resolve began to weaken. What was the premise behind the sharecropping model of agriculture? Reconstruction quiz 1 Flashcards | Quizlet WebWhat is Reconstruction? Following Lincoln's assassination, the task of implementing Reconstruction fell to his vice president, Andrew Johnson. Reconstruction was successful in helping to reunite a divided country. There was no profit for workers. Required 50% of southern white men to swear allegiance of the union and accept the end of slavery. The website Making Sense of Letters and Diaries is one such site. bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o hb```c``e`f`xb,@($yQAI &l&a81r``Hs20A4 dUf ` Conclusion: The Effects of Reconstruction - Course Hero Grant's victory came in large part to nearly 500,000 black voters in the South who overwhelmingly voted for him and the Republican party during the election. Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. The Radical. Congress was divided among Radical, Moderate, and Conservative Republicans and Democrats. They passed two bills. Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. Ten Southern states were placed under the control of military leaders until such time as they passed the Fourteenth Amendment and put state constitutions in place that aligned with the United States Constitution. Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. While not generally used today, it was accepted usage (by both black and white writers) during this period and it is part of the historical record. While much progress could be seen in things like the exponential growth of railroads, even an optimistic reading of these barometers had to be tempered by an acknowledgement that doubling track mileage does not amount to much when the starting point was so low. The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction. He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. It formally brought the Southern states back into the Union. What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? The states could enter the Union if they promised they would ratify the Fourteenth Amendment within five years. It forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", Northerners who went south in search for profits; Southners who supported the Republican governments in the South. In early 1866, Congressional Republicans, appalled by mass killing of ex-slaves and adoption of restrictive black codes, seized control of Reconstruction from President Johnson. WebThe largest weapons factories were located in the South. endstream endobj 419 0 obj <>stream hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. But another clear reason was the often ineffective and incompetent governing that characterized many of the post-war Republican Southern governments. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. What were Black Codes, and why were they created? "waving the bloody shirt" reminded the voters of Grant's war victory. Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. WebEvaluating Reconstruction from Multiple Perspectives Introduction The 10 year period after the Civil War is known as the Reconstruction Era. they had belonged to the democratic party known as the bourbon democrats. hb```b``Vd`f``fc@ >3G#C \5lb`(q.UrA) g``0PZTQH1;kz7/2FI1iMF>C20Jin83lFy6W iB5; The impeachment of Johnson. The period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring Southern states back into the Union What was a Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States. Why of why not? 132 0 obj <>stream In the South, the failure of Republican state governments to make serious inroads on the politics of the region led to a weakening resolve to protect the civil and political rights of freedmen. What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? B 9. In preparation for teaching this lesson, the teacher should review the entire lesson plan, including introductory background information. While some historians see Reconstruction as both success and failure, Foner takes an unequivocal stance that Reconstruction was not at all successful. He cites several reasons in support of his opinion economic and political, as well as social. How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. answer choices Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. The Freedmans Bureau played a key role in helping African Americans gain access to basic needs, education, property, and health care during Reconstruction. He talked about punishing the traitors and breaking up the large plantations, but at the same time, he supported states' rights and had little sympathy for blacks. Force Acts, KKK Act, gave president authority to call in federal troops if needed, but it happened only once. #;ou20/. How did the Amnesty Act of 1872 change Southern politics? President Johnsons view of African Americans was: That they should be granted equal rights to whites, including voting rights, That they should be granted equal rights to whites, but not voting rights, That they should not be granted equal rights to whites. Which group was still not aloud to vote? Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? By allowing the former Confederates to reenter the political arena, Republicans faced an uphill battle against the surge in Democratic support and voter-suppression tactics aimed at Republicans and African Americans. beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. Question 2 Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? Was corruption now any less? Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. Northern Democrats who moved into former Confederate-controlled states with the intention of upsetting Radical Reconstruction plans.