According to Marcion, the material world was created by an inferior deity known as a Demiurge, who revealed himself to the Hebrews and gave them a law of strict retributive justice. In Cyrils letters against to Nestorius, Cyril not only defends the title Theotokos against accusations that it was reviving the heresy of Apollinariusm, but he denies the very legitimacy of using alternative Christological schemes a such as the association of personas the Antiochian thinkers had spoken of. i.e, word became flesh. Origens Hermeneutic in Historical Context. One important distinction is that between Mosaic Law and natural law. In the following centuries, the church faced opposition on two fronts. Had a great experience here. Our online courses offer unprecedented opportunities for people who would otherwise have limited access to education. He was endowed with a brilliant mind and a zeal for orthodoxy, but sometimes his efforts to combat heresies would cause him to over-correct in heterodox directions. I was in search of an online course; Perfect e Learn Alexandria [9] These tenets include the participation of created objects in eternal, incorporeal Forms, the impossibility of predicating truth about God, and the transmigration of the soul. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. (LogOut/ Towards the aim, Perfect E learn has already carved out a niche for itself in India and GCC countries as an online class provider at reasonable cost, serving hundreds of students. l encontr en las expresiones Madre de Dios y Dios sufriente poco ms que una devocin ignorante que haba cortado tantos ngulos en sus implicaciones, hasta el punto de haberse quedado muy cerca de las concepciones mticas paganas de la deidad. Christ had two natures. Alexandria had it's own form of Christology, that defined the Human Nature in the Hypostatic Union to be a generic human nature, and this was in contrast (although not incompatible) with the Antiochene Christology that define's Christ's Human nature as a specific human being. In fact, Philo goes so far as to say that Greek philosophers must have appropriated their thought from Moses himself. Hovorun, Serhiy. WebThe notion that there existed a distinction between so-called Alexandrian and Antiochene exegesis in the ancient church has become a common assumption among theologians. 0000008998 00000 n Por otro lado, el trmino Anthropotokos reconoce que Mara es la madre de este hombre, pero dicho trmino puede en s mismo dar a entender que l no es ms que un hombre, lo cual de nuevo es ofensivo a la fe cristiana ortodoxa en la deidad de Cristo. 0000007699 00000 n (LogOut/ Where Presbyterian faith meets postmodern culture. Dictionary : ANTIOCHENE THEOLOGY trailer << /Size 68 /Info 40 0 R /Root 43 0 R /Prev 25978 /ID[<3b600cd983abb0cf4f9f19502a618cce><3b600cd983abb0cf4f9f19502a618cce>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 43 0 obj << /Pages 41 0 R /Type /Catalog /Outlines 14 0 R >> endobj 66 0 obj << /S 85 /T 149 /O 195 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 67 0 R >> stream 0000002908 00000 n [25], Third, Origen does not argue that the letters proper function is to kill. Rather, the destruction of the Jewish temple in AD 70 nullified literal observance of the law. Philo, a wealthy first-century Jew, was well known for his efforts to integrate Greek philosophy and Jewish theology. All the courses are of global standards and recognized by competent authorities, thus "Abstract. The difference between Alexandria and Antioch was not exegetical; it was theological. Antiochene side. More often, however, Origen makes use of a merely twofold distinction between the literal sense and the spiritual sense, in accordance with Pauls terminology of letter and spirit (2 Cor. Si Jess era humano, argumenta Cirilo, y si Dios estaba en otro lugar, la Encarnacin, la Palabra hecha carne, carecera de sentido. WebThe theology of the Alexandrian school was influenced by the Platonic traditions of Philosophy. Therefore, Origen understands the contrast between law and gospel not as one of judgment versus mercy, but rather imperfect religion versus perfect religion. If Jesus was only human, Cyril argues, and God was elsewhere, the Incarnation, the Word become flesh, would be meaningless. A term paper written on the prompt: "With reference to the dispute between Cyril and Nestorius evaluate the assessment that Antiochene and Alexandrian Christologies are ultimately incompatible." On the other hand, Gnostic interpreters often denigrated Mosaic Law by ascribing it to an inferior deity, compelling Christians to defend the inspiration and authority of the Old Testament. However, it is not the final step. This method is set forth most explicitly in his work De Principiis (On First Principles), and is also evident in his numerous commentaries. This desire to avoid both the Scylla of Judaism and the Charybdis of Gnosticism (or better, Marcionism) set the stage for a multiplicity of Christian approaches to Mosaic Law. of the Alexandrian-Antiochene Schools of Quite the contrary, Origen believes that the letter of the Mosaic Law brought the beginnings of life to humanity. This article questions the value of the categories the school of Antioch and Antiochene christology on the basis of the significant theological differences between the two central figures in the school: John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia, both of whom studied together at the school of Diodore of Tarsus in the late fourth century. Antioch, School of Alan J. Hauser and Duane F. Watson (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2003), 352. The solution for Origen was to uphold the Mosaic Laws spiritual meaning, as elucidated through the work of Christ. This sets up another important distinction in Origens conception of Mosaic Lawnamely, that between the ceremonial law and the moral law. It is at once powerful and fragile, majestic and humble. Nestorius was enthroned as archbishop on April 10th 428. Origens chief target was Marcion (ca. Educational programs for all ages are offered through e learning, beginning from the online It would be a mistake to say that the literal sense of a text was irrelevant for Origen; rather, discerning the literal sense was the necessary means by which one could attain the spiritual sense. The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. [11] Jews insisted on the total application of Mosaic Law, while Gnostics repudiated Mosaic Law altogether, but both camps were guilty of carnal exegesis. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Cyrils Single Subjectivity and the Prosopic Union., Nestorius and Cyril: 5th Century Christological Division and Re, The Volition of Christ: A Contextual and Philosophical Christology Study, THE CHRISTIAN PARADIGM OF A UNITED EUROPE Theologie and Mystique in the Work of Saint Cyril of Alexandria, CHRISTOLOGICAL THOUGHT OF THE SYRIAC FATHERS. Such blending of Greek and Jewish categories is also seen in his handling of Mosaic Law. Early Church Battle Royale: Alexandria vs. Antioch WebAlexandrian and Antiochene theologians were expedient hermeneuts, meaning they utilized whichever exegetical practice (allegory, typology, literal, historical) that would supply them with their desired theology or interpretive conclusion. These traditions were distinguished, not so much by neatly distinct exegetical practices (as a previous generation of scholars had thought), as by differing conceptions of history, and by the respective influences of contemporary philosophical and rhetorical schools. [22], Second, Origen believes that the letter of the law is unattainable. [13] It is also Christianitys oldest surviving commentary on Romans, predating by about 150 years the second oldest commentary, written by John Chrysostom. Cristo tena dos naturalezas. WebCompatibility of Antiochene and Alexandrian Christology - Read online for free. [1] Donald Fairbairn, Patristic Exegesis and Theology: The Cart and the Horse, Westminster Theological Journal 69 (2007), 10-11; Brevard Childs, The Struggle to Understand Isaiah as Christian Scripture (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2004), 132-33; Frances Young, Alexandrian and Antiochene Exegesis, in History of Biblical Interpretation, ed. graduation. NIOS helped in fulfilling her aspiration, the Board has universal acceptance and she joined Middlesex University, London for BSc Cyber Security and 0000007720 00000 n This was seen in Clements belief in the eternity of matter and thought, and in cosmic cycles predating the creation of the world. 845 (2012) 153-177. Alexandrians vs. Antiochenes on Mosaic There is no record of a formal school such as apparently existed at alexandria, although lucian of antioch directed his didascalion and Diodore of Tarsus his i.e, word became flesh. WebAlexandria as they had his teacher Origen, but Arius almost single-handedly ushered in an era in which the church was well-nigh intoxicated with Christology, though he did so from a Trinitarian perspective and did not waste much time on the articulation between Christs disparate natures. Whether or not one is persuaded of Edwardss argument here, it is true that Origen sees bodily existence as basically good. [6] But such truth was often expressed in the form of enigmas, symbols, and allegories. Finally, I will conclude by arguing that the Reformed traditions approach to Mosaic Law contains both Alexandrian and Antiochene elements. Grace is the essence of Sinai, but it is veiled until Calvary. Thanks to Moses and the ceremonial laws, a certain part of humankind began to be liberated from the kingdom of sin and death, and cleansing of sins began to be ushered in.[26] Origen even goes so far as to say that the Mosaic Law is a life-giving Spirit for those who understand it spiritually.[27] He argues that it is precisely on this point that both Jews and Marcionites fall into error. Alexandria had it's own form of Christology, that defined the Human Nature in the Hypostatic Union to be a generic human nature, and this was in contrast (although not incompatible) with the Antiochene Christology that define's Christ's Human nature as a specific human being. test, which makes it an ideal choice for Indians residing For Nestorius, the language of the exchange of properties was generally suspect, and often odious. Our Degree programs are offered by UGC approved Indian universities and recognized by competent authorities, thus successful learners are eligible for higher studies in regular mode and attempting PSC/UPSC exams. I strongly First, it is a mistake to simply say that for Origen, ceremonial laws are literal, and moral laws are spiritual. 0000007081 00000 n Conceiving Orthodox Christology, reviewing Cyril - pillar of faith'- Miaphysite Soteriology, in light of recent theological research, by Kasper, McGuckin, Meunier, Schoonenberg, Wickham, et al, Dogma and spirituality in Cyrillian logic. Part 1can be readhere. M. F. Wiles and E. J. Yarnold (Peeters: Leuven, 2001), 306. Antiochene As mentioned above, Origen does not dismiss the literal meaning of Scripture. Lx0d`U}rY @ v Qe` v6SG 1>} Z` mN | endstream endobj 67 0 obj 178 endobj 44 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 41 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 45 0 R /F1 48 0 R >> /ProcSet 64 0 R >> /Contents [ 50 0 R 52 0 R 54 0 R 56 0 R 58 0 R 60 0 R 62 0 R 65 0 R ] /Thumb 29 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 596 851 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 596 851 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 45 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /Name /F0 /BaseFont /TimesNewRoman,Bold /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 250 333 555 500 500 1000 833 278 333 333 500 570 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 570 570 570 500 930 722 667 722 722 667 611 778 778 389 500 778 667 944 722 778 611 778 722 556 667 722 722 1000 722 722 667 333 278 333 581 500 333 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 333 556 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 500 500 444 394 220 394 520 778 500 778 333 500 500 1000 500 500 333 1000 556 333 1000 778 667 778 778 333 333 500 500 350 500 1000 333 1000 389 333 722 778 444 722 250 333 500 500 500 500 220 500 333 747 300 500 570 333 747 500 400 549 300 300 333 576 540 250 333 300 330 500 750 750 750 500 722 722 722 722 722 722 1000 722 667 667 667 667 389 389 389 389 722 722 778 778 778 778 778 570 778 722 722 722 722 722 611 556 500 500 500 500 500 500 722 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 278 500 556 500 500 500 500 500 549 500 556 556 556 556 500 556 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 46 0 R >> endobj 46 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /TimesNewRoman,Bold /Flags 16418 /FontBBox [ -250 -216 1165 1000 ] /MissingWidth 323 /StemV 136 /StemH 136 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 891 /XHeight 446 /Ascent 891 /Descent -216 /Leading 149 /MaxWidth 971 /AvgWidth 427 >> endobj 47 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /TimesNewRoman /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -250 -216 1165 1000 ] /MissingWidth 323 /StemV 73 /StemH 73 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 891 /XHeight 446 /Ascent 891 /Descent -216 /Leading 149 /MaxWidth 971 /AvgWidth 401 >> endobj 48 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /Name /F1 /BaseFont /TimesNewRoman /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 250 333 408 500 500 833 778 180 333 333 500 564 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 278 333 469 500 333 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 480 200 480 541 778 500 778 333 500 444 1000 500 500 333 1000 556 333 889 778 611 778 778 333 333 444 444 350 500 1000 333 980 389 333 722 778 444 722 250 333 500 500 500 500 200 500 333 760 276 500 564 333 760 500 400 549 300 300 333 576 453 250 333 300 310 500 750 750 750 444 722 722 722 722 722 722 889 667 611 611 611 611 333 333 333 333 722 722 722 722 722 722 722 564 722 722 722 722 722 722 556 500 444 444 444 444 444 444 667 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 549 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 47 0 R >> endobj 49 0 obj 1264 endobj 50 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 49 0 R >> stream This makes Origen unique among early Christian interpreters in ascribing such a pedagogical significance to the fall of Jerusalem. ALEXANDRIAN MBA is a two year master degree program for students who want to gain the confidence to lead boldly and challenge conventional thinking in the global marketplace. Alexandrian Alexandrian Alexandria However, church historians have long since recognized that this distinction is neither wholly accurate nor helpful in exegetical studies. !CYf} qC%/f9 jhA4i4OMUA\:>v'E3 {yhPVQgllY+5p}`NW. 3:6). %PDF-1.3 % Jesucristo era plenamente humano y plenamente divino. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. helped me to continue my class without quitting job. WebANTIOCHENE THEOLOGY The dominant theology of the early Church in Antioch. Angels were bound to natural law,[16] Gentiles to natural and civil laws, Jews to natural and ceremonial laws, and Christians to the law of Christ. 0000005651 00000 n Antiochene theology Quick Reference A modern designation for a style of theology associated with the Church at Antioch, contrasted with Alexandrine theology. and Antiochene christology According to Edwards, the most that can be inferred from Origens extant writings is that the human soul is created in the hand of God immediately before embodiment, but this does not entail any supposed punitive fall from heaven, as Platonists contend. Cirilo se sumerge en el debate con invectivas fuertes, remitiendo un documento Para Nestorio, el nuevo Judas. 0000000867 00000 n develop their business skills and accelerate their career program. From Monophysitism to Nestorianism - Cambridge Scholars 0000008102 00000 n WebFrom 3rd to 4th century, Tertullian and Origen give a more complete doctrine of Christology. I will show how the distinction between law and gospel in his Commentary on Galatians favors the discontinuity of Mosaic Law. 0000004287 00000 n [9] Mark Edwards, Origen against Plato (Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2002), 160-1. and Antiochene christology [18] Cf. Alexandrian In particular, I will focus on his Commentary on Romans and show how his hermeneutical distinction between letter and spirit favors the continuity of Mosaic Law in Christian ethics. "The Council of Chalcedon 451: In Search of a Balanced and Nuanced Christology," in Seven Icons of Christ: Introduction to the Oecumenical Councils. Alexandria [4] Elizabeth Lauro, Reconsidering Origens Two Higher Senses of Scriptural Meaning: Identifying the Psychic and Pneumatic Senses, in Studia Patristica 34, ed. 0000008565 00000 n Alexandrians vs. Antiochenes on Mosaic 120-146], The Mystery of the Impossible Union of Divinity and Humanity in Jesus Christ, "The Bishop of Rome and the Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, AD 451: Why Pope Leo Is Doctrinal and Disciplinary Demands were Met," MA Thesis (2011), Duo filii and the homo assumptus in the Christology of Theodore of Mopsuestia: The Greek fragments of the Commentary on John., Is There Room for Two? Christology Thoughts on the Evidential Argument fromDesire, Alexandrians vs. Antiochenes on Mosaic Law (Part2), Alexandrians vs. Antiochenes on Mosaic Law (Part 2) | Allkirk Network, Moshe Rabbenu and Torat Moshe Immanuel Verbondskind , Review: God Reforms Hearts by ThaddeusWilliams, Review: Conservatism: A Rediscovery by YoramHazony, Review: Outsiders on the Inside by BillyBoyce, Review: The Myth of Colorblind Christians by JesseCurtis, White fragility, white guilt, and the ring ofGyges. WebAlexandrian and Antiochian approaches to hermeneutics as deployed by John Chrysostom and Gregory of Nyssa as they work with the Beatitudes Typically, the view of Alexandrian and Antiochian hermeneutics has been one of dichotomy: Alexandrians were allegorical, and Antiochians were literal-historical. The difference between Alexandria and Antioch was not exegetical; it was theological. This was the charge of the early church, and many modern scholars have followed suit. Christology WebThe Alexandrian and Antiochian Christological Thoughts1 Many scholars attribute the problem of the Christological formula concerning the nature of Christ "Mia-physis and Dyophyses" to the controversy between the Alexandrian and the Antiochian theology. The Letter and the Spirit: A History of Interpretation from Origen to Luther (New York: Peter Lang, 1995), 16. El historiador contemporneo Scrates Scholasticus calific a Nestorio de hombre orgulloso e ignorante, cuyo innato e indiscutible poder de oratoria ocult una debilidad de pensamiento incisivo. [12] The critical edition of Origens commentary in the original Latin can be found in Caroline P. Hammond Bammel, Der Rmerbriefkommentar des Origenes: kritische Ausgabe der bersetzung Rufins, vols. [19] This supports Origens insistence that there is no distinction between Jew and Gentile. program which is essential for my career growth. Cyril of Alexandria was not only one of the finest Christian theologians of his day, he also stands out in the ranks of the greatest patristic writers of all generations as perhaps the most powerful exponent of Christology the church has known. [4] The difference between the two non-literal senses is that the psychic concerns day-to-day ethical living, while the pneumatic concerns higher theological and christological truths. Alexandria and Antioch had developed very different views on the matter: The Alexandrian school leaned towards Christs humanity and divinity being absorbed into each other while Antioch leaned towards maintaining the human and divine in Christ as two separate beings. Alexandrian and Antiochian approaches to hermeneutics as successful learners are eligible for higher studies and to attempt competitive These and works of a similar nature are the works by which he says no one can be saved[21], Three observations ought to be noted here. For instance, Wai-Shing Chau writes that Origen was operating on a Middle-platonic scheme, as is evident in his notions concerning the Father as the supreme mind, the existence of intermediaries between mind and the material world, and the pre-existence of the soul. Thomas Scheck (Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2002), 1-2. 0000008123 00000 n In spite of some of his more idiosyncratic conclusions, Origen developed an exegetical method that would have a profound impact on subsequent theologians. Cyril plunges into the debate with sharp invective, addressing one document To Nestorius, the new Judas. Ontological and dynamic aspects of deification through participation ( ) to the divine life, [Mitropolia Olteniei Journal 2014, Special Issue pp. Digital Forensics. Two interpretive traditions emerged: the Alexandrian and the Antiochene. Philo affirmed its authority, but unlike the rabbis of his day, he believed that this authority was found in the realm of ideas which transcended the wording of the text itself. Due to the papers original length, I will split it into two parts (Part 2 can be read here). tuition and home schooling, secondary and senior secondary level, i.e. THE ALEXANDRIAN AND ANTIOCHENE SCHOOLS For Origen, fixation on the literal sense is precisely what led both Jews and Gnostics astray. Dictionary : ANTIOCHENE THEOLOGY 185-254) was born in the Egyptian city of Alexandria to Christian parents. have discontinued my MBA as I got a sudden job opportunity after WebCyril of Alexandria was not only one of the finest Christian theologians of his day, he also stands out in the ranks of the greatest patristic writers of all generations as perhaps the most powerful exponent of Christology the church has known. Resumen: Cirilo de Alejandra no slo fue uno de los mejores telogos cristianos de su poca, sino que tambin se destaca en las filas de los ms grandes escritores patrsticos de todas las generaciones, como quiz el ms poderoso exponente de la cristologa que la Iglesia haya conocido. May 30, 2018 by Kyle Dillon 2 Comments. In scriptural exegesis it placed more emphasis on the Alexandrian and Antiochian approaches to hermeneutics as The Christology of the Fourth Letter of Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite: Chalcedonian or Monophysite? For example, his refutation of Gnostic ideas like the permanent, intrinsic goodness or wickedness of souls led him to infer the possibility of final salvation for all people, even perhaps the devil. WebFrom 3rd to 4th century, Tertullian and Origen give a more complete doctrine of Christology. 0000003186 00000 n Such aberrations in theology persuaded his own bishop Demetrius to denounce him as a heretic, and many of Origens views would be condemned in AD 553 at the Fifth Ecumenical Council in Constantinople. [17] All of these laws, however, were in some sense an expression of Gods unchanging moral will. (LogOut/ As a result, the Alexandrians tended to see Mosaic Law in terms of continuity, and the Antiochenes tended to see it in terms of discontinuity. For him, God the Logos raised the dead Lazarus, while the man Jesus wept at the tomb. ALEXANDRIAN Theological History of Two Natures/One Person, The rejection of the term Theotokos by Nestorius Constantinople, Nestorius did not intend to argue that Christ had a dual nature, but that view became labeled Nestorianism (PRO), The Two Is of Christ: Revisiting the Christological Controversy, El rechazo del trmino Theotokos por Nestorio de Constantinopla y la refutacin de su enseanza por Cirilo de Alejan, La Virgen Mara, Theotokos, y Cristo, verdadero Dios y verdadero Hombre. Cirilo insiste en que Mara, la madre de Dios, debe ser llamada Theotokos. 0000004309 00000 n For Ariu s Christ was a creature, generated Para l, el Logos de Dios resucit a Lzaro de la muerte, mientras que el hombre Jess llor ante su tumba. ", Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History's Intriguing Questions, Anglican Theological Review 94:3 (Summer), De Medio Aevo 2 (2012 / 2) ISSN-e 2255-5889. Dr. Pittenger's Criticism of the Alexandrine Christology.-In one place Dr. Pittenger admits that the Alexandrine and the Antiochene are two legitimate ways of thinking on the Person of our Lord, and that each of them will have adherents and admirers all the time. Origen (ca. in KSA, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman and Bahrain. But the relationship between these two senses is like that between an earthenware vessel and a treasure hidden inside. WebCompatibility of Antiochene and Alexandrian Christology - Read online for free. For himself, he says, he has chosen to be on the. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. HVr6j.qR q}|HHOil$!R3Bok2'?ad #BHQ"Z7+:sGi iU`cVAwy2ZDOKu*&4Yd? 0000001216 00000 n [], [] Alexandrians vs. Antiochenes on Mosaic Law (Part 1) []. Antiochene Ever since its inception, the church has struggled to understand the proper place of Mosaic Law in Christian ethics. 0000008544 00000 n A term paper written on the prompt: "With reference to the dispute between Cyril and Nestorius evaluate the assessment that Antiochene and Alexandrian Christologies are ultimately incompatible." The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. Clement (d. ca. Jesus Christ was both fully human and fully divine. Then, there were many different viewpoints of the doctrine proposed by Alexandrian School (ex: Arius, Athansius, and Apollinarius) and Antiochene School (ex: Alexandria 0000009410 00000 n WebANTIOCH, SCHOOL OF The common doctrinal tendencies, particularly in exegesis and Christology, that characterized the theological thinkers and writers who represented the Antiochian tradition. [7] Piotr Ashwin-Siejkowski, Clement of Alexandria on Trial: The Evidence of Heresy from Photius Bibliotheca (Boston: Brill, 2010), 40-43, 75. En sus cartas contra Nestorio, Cirilo no slo defiende el ttulo de Theotokos contra acusaciones de que estaba reviviendo la hereja del Apolinarianismo, pero l niega la genuina legitimidad del uso de esquemas cristolgicos alternativos, tales como la asociacin de personas, de la que haban hablado los pensadores antioqueos. James O. Duke (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009), 1:174-78. Nestorio fue entronizado como arzobispo el 10 de abril 428. Some Facts About the Alexandrine Ch~istology